Developed by Swedish engineer Gustaf Ende in the 1970s, it utilized empirical data collected in Germany to establish "norm times" for labor. Application:
: While the table provides the "net" time for a task, professional estimators apply "reduction factors" or "multipliers" to account for specific site conditions, travel time, and administrative overhead. Applications in the Industry Pre-Calculation (Estimating) TABEL MONTAGE TIJDEN CONFORM GUSTAV ENDE
Vergelijkende studies over de nauwkeurigheid van deze normen ten opzichte van Uneto-VNI zijn te vinden in de kennisbank van TVVL . Developed by Swedish engineer Gustaf Ende in the