: Determining internal and external issues and identifying interested parties.

| Clause | Requirement | Yes | No | N/A | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 4.1 | Understand the organization and its context | | | | | 4.2 | Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties | | | | | 4.3 | Determine the scope of the EMS | | | | | 4.4 | Establish the EMS and its objectives | | | |

Tom blinked. “Installed? Helena, it’s an Excel file. You don’t ‘install’ an Excel file.”