highlight that some women and girls face intense psychological pressure or administrative sanctions to conform to specific veiling standards. Marginalization of Others:
: Many ibu-ibu now leverage social media to define "ideal" behaviors for devout Muslim women, blending traditional values with modern aspirations for intelligence and moral character. The Fashion-Piety Nexus highlight that some women and girls face intense
Historically, Indonesian women wore the kebaya with a loose kerudung (scarf) . The shift to the modern jilbab began as a student-led movement in the 1980s and has since become a standard of "pious motherhood" . highlight that some women and girls face intense
