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Animal rights is a deontological (duty-based) philosophy. It argues that animals are not property to be owned or used. The theory, most famously articulated by philosopher ( The Case for Animal Rights , 1983), holds that animals are "subjects-of-a-life." They have inherent value, consciousness, beliefs, desires, memory, and a sense of the future. To dive deeper into these topics, check out

Proponents argue that if humans have unalienable rights based on sentience (the ability to feel, perceive, and experience subjectivity), then non-human animals possess similar rights that must be respected. Key figures, such as philosopher Tom Regan, argued that animals are "subjects-of-a-life" and therefore cannot be treated merely as means to an end. Proponents argue that if humans have unalienable rights

Regardless of where you fall on the spectrum of , you have agency. Here is how to align your actions with your ethics. Here is how to align your actions with your ethics

: A scientific approach focused on the quality of life for animals under human care. It supports the use of animals for food, research, or companionship provided they are treated humanely and their physical and psychological needs are met.

Welfare advocates work within existing systems to pass laws for larger cages, better veterinary care, and more humane slaughter practices. Understanding Animal Rights: The Philosophical Shift